Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA substrate for the biosynthesis of fatty acids through its two catalytic activities, biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT).
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Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multifunctional protein. Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the presence of NADPH into long-chain saturated fatty acids. FAS is up-regulated in breast cancers and, as well as being an indicator of poor prognosis, may also be worthwhile as a chemotherapeutic target. FAS has also been investigated as a possible oncogene.
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SCD is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, and which therefore plays a key role in the synthesis of triglycerides, wax esters, cholesteryl esters, and membrane phospholipids.
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