Activation of growth factor receptors leads to the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositide-(2,3,4)-trisphosphate (PIP3) by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Accumulation of PIP3 in the plasma membrane activates the family of AGC kinases, which includes PDK1, AKT (isoforms 1, 2, and 3), p70S6K, ROCK, PKA, and PKC. These kinases modulate a diverse array of metabolic, proliferative, and antiapoptotic effects in cells.
AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.
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AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.
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AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. Deletion of AKT2 in mice leads to an overt diabetic phenotype.
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AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. AKT3 deficient mice have 25% reduction in brain tissue mass.
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p70S6K activates translation through phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 subunit in response to growth factor activation.
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PDK1 is activated by PI3K through interaction with PIP3 at the plasma membrane. PDK1 activates downstream effectors such as the AKT kinases, as well as p70S6K, and has been proposed to be a key regulator of all AGC family kinases.
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PDK1 is activated by PI3K through interaction with PIP3 at the plasma membrane. PDK1 activates downstream effectors such as the AKT kinases, as well as p70S6K, and has been proposed to be a key regulator of all AGC family kinases.
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